With the demonstration of negative refraction clarified, applications and advanced fabrication were considered in 2004. Parazzoli and coworkers at Boeing demonstrated a negative index lens for far-field radiation, and continued to press forward with new fabrication methods. In addition, artificial magnetism using the split ring resonator material was demonstrated at THz and infrared frequencies. At microwave frequencies, negative index transmission-line equivalent circuits were used to demonstrate numerous devices that show promise for communications applications.

• Radiation of a circular loop antenna enclosed by a magnetodielectric sphere

N. M. Roslyakov, N. A. Tenyakova, O. B. Vorob'ev, J. Communications Tech. and Electronics, 49, 1133 (2004)

• Finite-difference and pseudospectral time-domain methods applied to backward-wave metamaterials

M. W. Feise, J. B. Schneider, P. J. Bevelacqua, IEEE Trans, 52, 2955 (2004)

• Wave fields measured inside a negative refractive index metamaterial

S. A. Cummer, B. I. Popa, Applied Physics Letters, 85, 4564 (2004)

• Influence of the surface termination to the point imaging by a photonic crystal slab with negative refraction

S. S. Xiao, M. Qiu, Z. C. Ruan, S. L. He, Applied Physics Letters, 85, 4269 (2004)

• Planar magnetoinductive wave transducers: Theory and applications

M. J. Freire, R. Marques, F. Medina, M. A. G. Laso, F. Martin, Applied Physics Letters, 85, 4439 (2004)

• Magnetic response of metamaterials at 100 terahertz

S. Linden, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. F. Zhou, T. Koschny, C. M. Soukoulis, Science, 306, 1351 (2004)

• A chiral route to negative refraction

J. B. Pendry, Science, 306, 1353 (2004)

• Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials

F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, M. A. G. Laso, J. D. Baena, J. Bonache, M. Beruete, R. Marques, F. Martin, M. Sorolla, Physical Review Letters , 93, 197401 (2004)

• Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials

K. Aydin, K. Guven, M. Kafesaki, L. Zhang, C. M. Soukoulis, E. Ozbay, Optics Letters, 29, 2623 (2004)

• Diamagnetic properties of metamaterials: a magnetostatic analogy

E. Shamonina, L. Solymar, European Physical Journal, 41, 307 (2004)

• Varactor-loaded split ring resonators for tunable notch filters at microwave frequencies

I. Gil, J. Garcia-Garcia, J. Bonache, F. Martin, M. Sorolla, R. Marques, Electronics Letters, 40, 1347 (2004)

• Negative refractive index for a surface magnetostatic wave propagating through the boundary between a ferrite and ferrite-insulator-metal media

A. V. Vashkovskii, E. G. Lokk, Physics-USPEKHI, 47, 601 (2004)

• The defect effect in the two-dimensional negative permeability material

L. Kang, Q. Zhao, X. P. Zhao, Acta Physica Sinica, 53, 3379 (2004)

• Optical properties of an ideal homogeneous causal left-handed material slab

P. F. Loschialpo, D. W. Forester, D. L. Smith, F. J. Rachford, C. Monzon, Physical Review E, 70, 36605 (2004)

• Focusing properties of a photonic crystal slab with negative refraction

S. L. He, Z. C. Ruan, L. Chen, J. Q. Shen, Physical Review B, 70, 115113 (2004)

• Split-ring resonators and localized modes

A. B. Movchan, S. Guenneau, Physical Review B, 70, 125116 (2004)

• Omnidirectional reflection from a slab of uniaxially anisotropic negative refractive index materials

Z. Liu, J. J. Xu, Z. F. Lin, Optics Communications, 240, 19 (2004)

• Size-dependent elastic fields of embedded inclusions in isotropic chiral solids

P. Sharma, International Journal Of Solids and Structures, 41, 6317 (2004)

• Surface polaritons and extinction properties of a left-handed material cylinder

R. Ruppin, Journal Of Physics-Condensed Matter, 16, 5991 (2004)

• A novel dispersive FDTD formulation for modeling transient propagation in chiral metamaterials

A. Akyurtlu, D. H. Werner, IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation, 52, 2267 (2004)

• Effective medium theory of left-handed materials

T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, C. M. Soukoulis, Physical Review Letters, 93, 107402 (2004)

• Electromagnetic field quantization in a linear isotropic permeable dielectric medium

R. Matloob, Physical Review A, 70, 22108 (2004)

• What are the left-handed media and what is interesting about them?

K. Y. Bliokh, Y. P. Bliokh, Physics-USPEKHI, 47, 393 (2004)

• Extinction properties of a coated sphere containing a left-handed material

L. Gao, Y. Y. Huang, Optics Communications, 239, 25 (2004)

• Subluminal and superluminal pulse propagation in a left-handed/right-handed periodic structure

V. S. C. M. Rao, S. D. Gupta, Journal Of Optics A, 6, 756 (2004)

• Negative phase velocity in a uniformly moving, homogeneous, isotropic, dielectric-magnetic medium

T. G. Mackay, A. Lakhtakia, Journal Of Physics A, 37, 5697 (2004)

• Delay-time investigation of electromagnetic waves through homogeneous medium and photonic crystal left-handed materials

R. Moussa, S. Foteinopoulou, C. M. Soukoulis, Applied Physics Letters, 85, 1125 (2004)

• Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of metamaterials

X. D. Chen, T. M. Grzegorczyk, B. I. Wu, J. Pacheco, J. A. Kong, Physical Review E, 70, 16608 (2004)

• Electromagnetic resonance in deformed split ring resonators of left-handed meta-materials

Y. J. Hsu, Y. C. Huang, J. S. Lih, J. L. Chern, Journal Of Applied Physics, 96, 1979 (2004)

• Two theorems on electromagnetic bistatic scattering

C. Monzon, P. Loschialpo, D. Smith, Journal Of The Optical Society Of America-A, 21, 1438 (2004)

• Left-handed material containing spherical and nonspherical metallic and magnetic particles

Y. Y. Huang, L. Gao, Physics Letters A, 328, 225 (2004)

• Stop-band and band-pass characteristics in coplanar waveguides coupled to spiral resonators

F. Falcone, F. Martin, J. Bonache, M. A. G. Laso, J. Garcia-Garcia, J. D. Baena, R. Marques, M. Sorolla, Microwave And Optical Technology Letters, 42, 386 (2004)

• Photonic crystal assembled from nonmagnetic wire split rings

A. Liniauskas, R. Brazis, Applied Physics Letters, 85, 338 (2004)

• Negative refraction of acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals

X. D. Zhang, Z. Y. Liu, Applied Physics Letters, 85, 341 (2004)

• Negative effective permeability in polaritonic photonic crystals

K. C. Huang, M. L. Povinelli, J. D. Joannopoulos, Applied Physics Letters, 85, 543 (2004)

• Anomalies of radiation absorption and superluminal propagation of light: I. An isotropic layer

A. H. Gevorgyan, Optics And Spectroscopy, 96, 877 (2004)

• Properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing single-negative materials

H. T. Jiang, H. Chen, H. Q. Li, Y. W. Zhang, J. Zi, S. Y. Zhu, Physical Review E, 69, 66607 (2004)

• Lateral shift of the transmitted light beam through a left-handed slab

X. Chen, C. F. Li, Physical Review E, 69, 66617 (2004)

• Behaviour of hexagon split ring resonators and left-handed metamaterials

F. L. Zhang, Q. Zhao, Y. H. Liu, C. R. Luo, X. P. Zhao, Chinese Physics Letters, 21, 1330 (2004)

• The defect effect in the one-dimensional negative permeability material

Q. Zhao, X. P. Zhao, L. Kang, F. L. Zhang, Y. H. Liu, C. R. Luo, Acta Physica Sinica, 53, 2206 (2004)

• Unrestricted superlensing in a triangular two-dimEnsional photonic crystal

X. Wang, Z. F. Ren, K. Kempa, Optics Express, 12, 2919 (2004)

• Double split-ring resonators: Analytical modeling and numerical simulations

B. Sauviac, C. R. Simovski, S. A. Tretyakov, Electromagnetics, 24, 317 (2004)

• Positive and negative Goos-Hanchen shifts and negative phase-velocity mediums (alias left-handed materials)

A. Lakhtakia, AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 58, 229 (2004)

• Analytical and numerical studies of wire-mesh metallic photonic crystals

A. L. Pokrovsky, Physical Review B, 69, 195108 (2004)

• Effective negative-epsilon stopband microstrip lines based on complementary split ring resonators

F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, J. D. Baena, R. Marques, F. Martin, M. Sorolla, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters , 14, 280 (2004)

• Left-right coupling of circularly polarized light propagating inside biaxially gyrotropic left-handed media

J. Q. Shen, F. Zhuang, Acta Physica Sinica, 53, 2000 (2004)

• Transmission characteristics of smiling pattern resonators

Y. J. Hsu, J. L. Chern, Japanese Journal Of Applied Physics-Part 2, 43, L669 (2004)

• Transmission and reflection coefficients for a plane-parallel faraday chiral plate

K. A. Vytovtov, Journal Of Communications Technology, 49, 521 (2004)

• Experimental investigation of quasi-optical characteristics of artificial dielectrics with negative dispersion

M. P. Parkhomenko, R. A. Silin, I. P. Chepurnykh, Journal Of Communications Technology And Electronics, 49, 585 (2004)

• New realization and microwave properties of double negative material

G. Kraftmakher, International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 19, 57 (2004)

• Submicron imaging with a planar silver lens

D. O. S. Melville, R. J. Blaikie, C. R. Wolf, Applied Physics Letters, 84, 4403 (2004)

• Transmission line approach of left-handed (LH) materials and microstrip implementation of an artificial LH transmission line

C. Caloz, T. Itoh, IEEE Transactions On Antennas and Propagation, 52, 1159 (2004)

• Time-domain measurement of negative group delay in negative-refractive-index transmission-line metamaterials

O. F. Siddiqui, S. J. Erickson, G. V. Eleftheriades, M. Mojahedi, IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques, 52, 1449 (2004)

• A new LC series element for compact bandpass filter design

J. Martel, R. Marques, F. Falcone, J. D. Baena, F. Medina, F. Martin, M. Sorolla, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 14, 210 (2004)

• Electromagnetic surface waves in a ferrite-dielectric-with-negative-permittivity-ferrite structure

A. V. Vashkovskii, V. I. Zubkov, V. A. Epanechnikov, Journal Of Communications Technology And Electronics, 49, 454 (2004)

• Lumped element models of double negative metamaterial-based transmission lines

R. W. Ziolkowski, C. Y. Cheng, Radio Science, 39, RS2017 (2004)

• On the group front and group velocity in a dispersive medium upon refraction from a nondispersive medium

Z. M. Zhang, K. Park, Journal Of Heat Transfer, 126, 244 (2004)

• Toward creating isotropic microwave composites with negative refraction

C. R. Simovski, B. Sauviac, Radio Science, 39, RS2014 (2004)

• A study of waveguides filled with anisotropic metamaterials

Y. S. Xu, Microwave And Optical Technology Letters, 41, 426 (2004)

• Arbitrary dual-band components using composite right/left-handed transmission lines

I. H. Lin, M. DeVincentis, C. Caloz, T. Itoh, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52, 1142 (2004)

• Planar distributed structures with negative refractive index

A. Sanada, C. Caloz, T. Itoh, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52, 1252 (2004)

• Negative refraction

J. B. Pendry, Contemporary Physics, 45, 191 (2004)

• Performance of a negative index of refraction lens

C. G. Parazzoli, R. B. Greegor, J. A. Nielsen, M. A. Thompson, K. Li, A. M. Vetter, M. H. Tanielian, D. C. Vier, Applied Physics Letters, 84, 3232 (2004)

• Near-perfect imaging in a focusing system based on a left-handed-material plate

A. N. Lagarkov, V. N. Kissel, Physical Review Letters, 92, 77401 (2004)

• An enhanced prediction of negative refraction from EBG-like structures

S. Sudhakaran, Y. Hao, C. G. Parini, Microwave And Optical Technology, 41, 258 (2004)

• Effect of losses and dispersion on the focusing properties of left-handed media

R. Marques, J. Baena, Microwave And Optical Technology Letters, 41, 290 (2004)

• Superlensing effect in liquid surface waves

X. H. Hu, Y. F. Shen, X. H. Liu, R. T. Fu, J. Zi, Physical Review E, 69, 30201 (2004)

• Stability and quality factor of a one-dimensional subwavelength cavity resonator containing a left-handed material

L. F. Shen, S. L. He, S. S. Xiao, Physical Review B, 69, 115111 (2004)

• Spherical perfect lens: Solutions of Maxwell's equations for spherical geometry

S. A. Ramakrishna, J. B. Pendry, Physical Review B, 69, 115115 (2004)

• Possible existence of left-handed materials in metallic magnetic thin films

R. X. Wu, X. K. Zhang, Z. F. Lin, S. T. Chui, J. Q. Xiao, Journal of Magnetism and Materials, 271, 180 (2004)

• Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators

N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, C. M. Soukoulis, Applied Physics Letters, 84, 2943 (2004)

• Study of lossy effects on the propagation of propagating and evanescent waves in left-handed materials

T. J. Cui, Z. C. Hao, X. X. Yin, W. Hong, J. A. Kong, Physics Letters A, 323, 484 (2004)

• Properties of a metamaterial element: Analytical solutions and numerical simulations for a singly split double ring

M. Shamonin, E. Shamonina, V. Kalinin, L. Solymar, Journal Of Applied Physics, 95, 3778 (2004)

• Plane waves with negative phase velocity in Faraday chiral mediums

T. G. Mackay, A. Lakhtakia, Physical Review E, 69, 26602 (2004)

• A compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring using an artificial lumped-element left-handed transmission-line section

H. Okabe, C. Caloz, T. Itoh, IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory and Techniques , 52, 798 (2004)

• A hybrid method for the efficient calculation of the band structure of 3-D metallic crystals

M. G. Silveirinha, C. A. Fernandes, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52, 889 (2004)

• A novel composite right-/left-handed coupled-line directional coupler with arbitrary coupling level and broad bandwidth

C. Caloz, A. Sanada, T. Itoh, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52, 980 (2004)

• Frequency-independent effective rest mass of photons in the two time derivative Lorentz material model

J. Q. Shen, Journal of Optics A-Pure and Applied Optics, 6, 239 (2004)

• Transmission characteristics of deformed split-ring resonators

Y. C. Huang, Y. Hsu, J. S. Lih, J. L. Chern, Japanese Journal Of Applied Physics Part 2-Letters, 43, L190 (2004)

• Characteristics of the composite right/left-handed transmission lines

A. Sanada, C. Caloz, T. Itoh, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 14, 68 (2004)

• Quality of focusing electromagnetic radiation by a plane-parallel slab with a negative index of refraction

A. N. Lagarkov, V. N. Kisel', Doklady Physics, 49, 5 (2004)

• Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials

T. J. Yen, W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, X. Zhang, Science, 303, 1494 (2004)

• Magneto-inductive waves supported by metamaterial elements: components for a one-dimensional waveguide

E. Shamonina, L. Solymar, Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, 37, 362 (2004)

• Green dyadic and dipole radiation in an electrical-magnetic coupled composite material

D. Cheng, Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications , 18, 381 (2004)

• Experimental study of composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity

Q. Sui, F. Li, Science In China Series G-Physics, 47, 64 (2004)

• Nonlinear surface waves in left-handed materials

I. V. Shadrivov, A. A. Sukhorukov, Y. S. Kivshar, A. A. Zharov, A. D. Boardman, P. Egan, Physical Review E, 69, 16617 (2004)

• Electromagnetic scattering by spherical negative-refractive-index particles: Low-frequency resonance and localization parameters

Z. Liu, Z. F. Lin, S. T. Chui, Physical Review E, 69, 16619 (2004)

• Analytical solution of the almost-perfect-lens problem

R. Merlin, Applied Physics Letters, 84, 1290 (2004)

• Physics of propagation in left-handed guided wave structures at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies

C. M. Krowne, Physical Review Letters, 92, 53901 (2004)

• Comment on "Electrodynamics of metallic photonic crystals and the problem of left-handed materials"

R. Marques, D. R. Smith, Physical Review Letters, 92, 59401 (2004)

• Artificial magnetic metamaterial design by using spiral resonators

J. D. Baena, R. Marques, F. Medina, J. Martel, Physical Review B, 69, 14402 (2004)

• Left handed coplanar waveguide band pass filters based on bi-layer split ring resonators

F. Falcone, F. Martin, J. Bonache, R. Marques, T. Lopetegi, M. Sorolla, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 14, 10 (2004)

• Guided modes in a waveguide filled with a pair of single-negative (SNG), double-negative (DNG), and/or double-positive (DPS) layers

A. Alu, N. Engheta, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52, 199 (2004)

• Crossover between the cell size and wavelength of the incident radiation in a metamaterial

E. Prati, Microwave And Optical Technology Letters, 40, 269 (2004)

• Coplanar waveguide structures loaded with split-ring resonators

F. Falcone, F. Martin, J. Bonache, R. Marques, M. Sorolla, Microwave And Optical Technology Letters, 40, 3 (2004)

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